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Scoping Reviews in the Social Sciences

Selecting Databases

In evidence synthesis, you're trying to be as comprehensive as possible. That means searching in more than one place. Best practice for scoping reviews is to use at least 3 databases, and one should be a multidisciplinary database. You may opt to search more than three. Whatever number you choose, you should include:

  • Major databases in your discipline
  • Related subject databases
  • One large "kitchen sink" interdisciplinary database, such as Web of Science

For example, subject databases for a research question in educational psychology might include APA PsycInfo and ERIC. For a research question related to exercise for stress reduction, you might consult PubMed, APA PsycInfo, and SPORTDiscus. These are suggestions, and are not intended to be comprehensive lists for these hypothetical research questions. The databases you choose will depend on your research question.  Below are some of the databases related to the Social Sciences.

See our Databases A-Z list for a complete list of all the databases we subscribe to.

Grey Literature

Grey Literature is  material that is published outside of traditional publishing. Grey literature examples could include government publications, conference proceedings, a thesis, and/or conference abstracts. Grey literature can be notoriously difficult to identify, and some topics will rely on it more heavily than others. Some databases have grey literature, so check what is available. You can also do a basic Google search for organization or government websites that may be publishing reports, white papers, or presentations on your topic. Below are a few examples.